What type of lighting is typically placed above or beside work surfaces for visually oriented tasks?

The correct answer is local lighting, as it refers to focused illumination that is specifically designed to enhance visibility in areas where detailed work or visually oriented tasks take place. This type of lighting is essential in settings such as kitchens, workstations, or craft areas, where tasks require a clear view and precision. By positioning local lighting directly above or beside work surfaces, it helps to reduce shadows and ensures that individuals can see their work clearly, thereby increasing safety and efficiency in task execution.

In contrast, general lighting provides overall illumination for a space but may not effectively highlight specific areas where detailed work is performed. Accent lighting is used to highlight particular features or areas for aesthetic purposes rather than functional tasks. Ambient lighting creates a uniform level of light in a room but lacks the targeted focus necessary for visually demanding activities. Therefore, local lighting is explicitly tailored to enhance visibility in specific work zones, making it the best choice for this scenario.